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Visual Chemistry Encyclopedia 6 files - 711 sheets
In Association with Dorling Kindersley
 
File 2: Elements, Compounds and Structure
 
8x S.I. units
8x Elements
9x Matter: compounds and mixtures
10x Chemistry and the environment
lOx Non-metals
6x States of matter
9x Salts - introduction
10x Structure
lOx Periodic table
7x Salts - in solution
7x Salts - properties + nomenclature
5x Dipole of water
8x Properties of polar molecules
7x Metals
5x Production of metals
6x Reactions

Elements, Compounds And Structure
   
2.1
 S.I. units
2.1.1
 Measurement of volume (Zu 2)
2.1.2
 The three major temperature scales (Zu 6)
2.1.3
Comparison of temperature scales (fig. 1.22 Eb)
2.1.4
 SI prefixes (table 1.3 Eb) 
2.1.5
 SI base units (table 1.2 Eb)
2.1.6
 Derived units (table 1.4 Eb)
2.1.7 A representation of the scientific method (fig. 1.8 Eb)
   
2.2 Elements
2.2.1 The structure of ice (fig. 12.34 Eb)
2.2.2 Hydrogen bonding in water (fig. 11.25 Eb)
2.2.3 Polarity of the water molecule (Zu 22)
2.2.4 Dipole moment for H2O (Zu 78)
2.2.5   Boiling point versus molecular weight for hydrides (fig. 11.24 Eb)
2.2.6 Explaining surface tension (fig. 11.16 Eb)
2.2.7 London dispersion forces (Zu 113)
2.2.8 Origin of the London force (fig. 11.22 Eb)
   
2.3 Matter: compounds and mixtures
2.3.1 Separation by distillation (fig. 1.11 Eb)
2.3.2 Simple laboratory distillation apparatus (Zu 7)
2.3.3 Fractional distillation (fig. 12.17 Eb)
2.3.4 Flotation process for concentrating certain ores (fig. 21.6 Eb)
2.3.5 Three different mixtures of methane and water (Zu 19)
2.3.6 A mixture of CH4 and H2O molecules (Zu 20)
2.3.7 Methane and water reacting (Zu 21)
2.3.8 Relationships among elements, compounds and
mixtures (fig. 1.15 Eb)
2.3.9 The organization of matter (Zu 8)
   
2.4 Chemistry and the environment
2.4.1 Greenhouse effect of certain gases (fig. 11.53 Eb)
2.4.2 Greenhouse effect (Zu 53)
2.4.3 Concentration of smog components in air (Zu 46)
2.4.4 Sources of energy consumed in the USA (fig. 6.15 Eb)
2.4.5 The nitrogen cycle (Zu 191)
2.4.6 The nitrogen cycle (fig. 22.17 Eb)
2.4.7 A blast furnace (Zu 219)
2.4.8 The basic oxygen process (Zu 221)
2.4.9 The open heart process (Zu 220)
2.4.10 The solar spectrum (fig. 10.40 Eb)
   
2.5 Non Metals
2.5.1 The Frasch process for mining sulfur (fig. 22.33 Eb)
2.5.2 The Frasch process (Zu 197)
2.5.3 Some nonmetals (fig. 22.1 Eb)
2.5.4 The halogens (fig. 8.22 Eb)
2.5.5 Allotropes of phosphorus (fig. 8.24 Eb)
2.5.6 Zone refining (fig. 22.6 Eb)
2.5.7 A schematic for the manufacture of NH3 (Zu 190)
2.5.8 The Ostwald process (Zu 192)
2.5.9 Some common elements (part 1) (table 2.1 Eb)
2.5.10 Some common elements (part 2) (table 2.1 Eb)
   
2.6 States of matter
2.6.1 Representation of the states of matter (fig. 11.2 Eb)

2.6.2

 Diamond and graphic structures (Zu 124)
2.6.3 Structures of diamond and graphite (fig. 11.27 Eb)
2.6.4 The structure of diamond, sodium chloride and ice (Zu 117)
2.6.5 The ice structure (Zu 186)
2.6.6 Structure of silica SiO2 (fig. 22.11 Eb)
   

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2.7 Salts – Introduction
2.7.1 Determining the iodide ion radius (fig. 9.5 Eb)
2.7.2 The periodic table (Zu 15)
2.7.3 Sizes of ions related to position in periodic table (Zu 80)
2.7.4 The sodium chloride crystal (fig. 2.18 Eb)
2.7.5 Sodium chloride unit cell (fig. 11.42 Eb)
2.7.6 Cesium chloride unit cell (fig. 11.41 Eb)
2.7.7 Cubic closest packing in NaCl (Zu 127)
2.7.8 Position of tetrahedral holes in face-centered cubic unit cell (Zu 126)
2.7.9 Flow chart for naming binary compounds (Zu 16)
   
2.8 Structure
2.8.1 Space-filling representation of cubic unit cells (fig. 11.33 Eb)
2.8.2 Closest packing of spheres (fig. 11.38 Eb)
2.8.3 Several unit cells and their lattices (Zu 114)
2.8.4 The closest packing of spheres (Zu 118)
2.8.5 Hexagonal closest packing (Zu 119)
2.8.6 Cubic closest packing (Zu 120)
2.8.7 Closest neighbours in closest packed spheres (Zu 121)
2.8.8 Net spheres on faces and corners of unit cell (Zu 122)
2.8.9 Triagonal, tetrahedral and octahedral holes (Zu 125)
2.8.R8 Periodic table with atomic symbols, atomic numbers and partial electron configurations (Zu 69)
   
2.9 Periodic table
2.9.1 Form of periodic table recommended by IUPAC (Zu 70)
2.9.2 Atomic radii for selected atoms (Zu 74)
2.9.3 Covalent radii for transition elements of periods 4 to 6 (fig. 23.3 Eb)
2.9.4 A modern form of the periodic table (fig. 2.14 Eb)
2.9.5 A periodic table of electrons (fig. 8.9 Eb)
2.9.6 Pauling electronegativity values (Zu 77)
2.9.7 Electron configurations for K through Kr (Zu 67)
2.9.8 Electron configurations of the first 18 elements (Zu 66)
2.9.9 Orbital diagrams for the ground-states of atoms (table 8.2 Eb)
2.9.10 Ground-state electron configurations of atoms (table 8.1 Eb)
 

2.10 Salts – in solution
2.10.1 Electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions (Zu 24)
2.10.2 The dissolving of lithium fluoride in water (fig. 12.8 Eb)
2.10.3 Ionic solid dissolving in water (Zu 23)
2.10.4 BaCl2 dissolving (Zu 25)
2.10.5 Common transition-metal cations in solution (fig. 9.4 Eb)
2.10.6 Ions surrounding charged colloidal particles (fig. 12.29 Eb)
2.10.7 Reaction of potassium iodide with lead(II) nitrate (fig. 4.1 Eb)
   
2.11 Salts – properties + nomenclature
2.11.1 Motion of ions in solution (fig. 4.2 Eb)
2.11.2 Ion exchange (Zu 187)
2.11.3 Common monatomic ions of the main-group elements (table 2.4 Eb)
2.11.4 Solubility rules for ionic compounds (table 4.1 Eb)
2.11.5 Common cations of the transition elements (table 2.5 Eb)
2.11.6 Some common polyatomic ions (table 2.6 Eb)
2.11.7 Some oxoanions and their corresponding oxoacids (table 2.8 Eb)
   
2.12 Dipole of water
2.12.1 Structures of the phosphorus oxides (fig. 22.27 Eb)
2.12.2
Molecular and structural formulas and molecular models (fig. 2.15 Eb)
2.12.3 Molecular models of some elementary substances (fig. 2.16 Eb)
2.12.4 Structures of P4O6 and P4O10 (Zu 194)
2.12.5 Structures of the various forms of phosphorus (Zu 193)
   
2.13 Properties of polar molecules
2.13.1 Dipole-dipole attractions (Zu 111)
2.13.2 The boiling points for various families of hydrides (Zu 112)
2.13.3 Alignment of polar molecules of HCI (fig. 11.21 Eb)
2.13.4 Effect of electric field on HF molecules (Zu 76)
2.13.5 The electron density map for HF (Zu 108)
2.13.6 Dipole moment for NH3 (Zu 79)
2.13.7 Alignment of polar molecules by an electric field (fig. 10.18 Eb)
2.13.8 Properties of some liquids at 20½C (table 11.3 Eb)
 
 
2.14 Metals
2.14.1 Crystal structure and crystal lattice of copper (fig. 11.30 Eb)
2.14.2 Delocalized bonding in sodium metal (fig. 9.15 Eb)
2.14.3 The band model for magnesium (Zu 123)
2.14.4 The first and third ionization energies of the first-row transition metals (Zu 202)
2.14.5 Formation of an energy band in sodium metal (fig. 21.13 Eb)
2.14.6 Formation of 3s and 3p bands in magnesium metal (fig. 21.14 Eb)
2.14.7 The photoelectric effect (fig. 7.6 Eb)
   
2.15 Production of metals
2.15.1 Blast furnace for the reduction of iron ore to iron metal (fig. 18.13 Eb)
2.15.2 Hall-Héroult cell for the production of aluminum (fig. 21.9 Eb)
2.15.3 Dow process for producing magnesium from seawater (fig. 21.28 Eb)
2.15.4 Allotropes of tin (fig. 21.41 Eb)
2.15.5 Reaction of magnesium and carbon dioxide (fig. 21.30 Eb)
   
2.16 Reactions
2.16.1 Thermite reaction (fig. 16.15 Eb)
2.16.2 Reaction of antimony and chlorine (fig. 2.27 Eb)
2.16.3 Limiting reactant analogy using cheese sandwiches (fig. 3.16 Eb)
2.16.4 Steps in a stoichiometric calculation (fig. 3.13 Eb)
2.16.5 Representation of the reaction of methane with oxygen (fig. 2.24 Eb)
2.16.6 Preparation of acetylene gas (fig. 24.6 Eb)
 
 
 
 
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